Epidemiology
- Prevalence: 8–31% in adults, higher in children (up to 40%).
- Can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism) or while awake (awake bruxism).
- No strong gender predilection; more common in younger age groups, decreasing with age.
Expected Prognosis
- Often self-limiting in children.
- In adults, chronic bruxism can be controlled but rarely cured completely.
- Prognosis improves with early diagnosis, behavioral therapy, occlusal splints, and stress management.
Natural Progression
- Without intervention: progresses to tooth wear, fractures, periodontal trauma, TMJ disorders, and muscle pain.
- May fluctuate in severity with stress or lifestyle changes.
Pathophysiology
- Multifactorial: central nervous system hyperactivity, dopamine pathway disturbances, emotional stress, malocclusion, and parafunctional habits.
- Sleep bruxism is considered a movement disorder linked to micro-arousals during sleep.
Possible Complications
- Tooth wear, fractures, and hypersensitivity.
- Muscle hypertrophy and pain (masseter, temporalis).
- TMJ disorders and limited mouth opening.
- Headaches and disturbed sleep quality.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes bruxism?
Bruxism can be caused by stress, anxiety, misaligned teeth, or even sleep disorders. Some people grind their teeth unconsciously during sleep or while concentrating.
How do I know if I have bruxism?
Symptoms include jaw pain, headaches, worn-down teeth, and sensitive teeth. A dentist can check for signs of grinding during a dental examination.
Can bruxism damage my teeth?
Yes, excessive grinding can lead to enamel wear, fractures, and even tooth loss over time. It can also cause TMJ (temporomandibular joint) disorders.
How is bruxism treated?
Treatments include wearing a night guard, stress management techniques, correcting misaligned teeth, and, in some cases, muscle relaxants.
Can bruxism go away on its own?
In some cases, childhood bruxism disappears as kids grow. However, for adults, managing stress and using protective devices like mouthguards can help prevent long-term damage.
